Essay on Heroes and Revenge in Hamlet and The Spanish...

Heroes and Revenge in Hamlet and The Spanish Tragedy In Elizabethan drama, it was accepted that the villains of the piece would, because of their evil methods and aims, be revealed and punished - in other words, justice would be served. The problem, however, arises when the heroes of the piece use the same methods as the villains. I use the term hero warily, as the traditional hero of a revenge tragedy is one who would at first seem completely unsuited to a revenging role; Heironimo is portrayed as being too old, while Hamlet is seen as being too young. It can be generalised that the revenger starts off as being dissatisfied with the events have happened prior to the play, and it is an event within the play that catalyses his†¦show more content†¦Heironimo, on the other hand, is almost completely unwilling to start once he receives the first sign of who to be revenged upon, indeed he thinks it to be a trap laid for him by Lorenzo. It is only after his wife kills herself; when he is left with nothing to live for, that he starts to activly seek revenge. It I this transformation from passive victim to active revenger that marks the beginning of the compromisation of the revenger. He or she turns away from the idea that God is the ultimate revenger, and takes the law into their own hands. This decision is the compromising one, rather than the act itself. The techniques that each character uses are remarkably similar not only to each others, but to the villains of the play. Both rely upon machiavellian tactics; they both feign madness to seem unthreatening, then proceed to strike when least expected: I will revenge his death! But how? Not as the vulgar wits of men, With open, but inevitable ills, As by secret, yet certain mean, Which under kindship will be cloaked best. The Spanish Tragedy III xiii 20-24 This behaviour is echoed by Hamlet following his meeting with his fathers ghost. This insanity, this posturing and preparation for revenge, though for a good reason, is undoubtedly machiavellian. It is arguably the case that the insanity that both characters experience is not entirely faked, as both undergo extreme mental stress. This very real insanity isShow MoreRelatedHamlet as So Much More Than a Traditional Revenge Tragedy Essay1713 Words   |  7 PagesHamlet as So Much More Than a Traditional Revenge Tragedy Although Shakespeare wrote Hamlet closely following the conventions of a traditional revenge tragedy, he goes far beyond this form in his development of Hamlets character. Shakespeares exploration of Hamlets complex thoughts and emotions is perhaps more the focus of the play rather than that of revenge, thus in Hamlet Shakespeare greatly develops and enhances the form of the traditional revenge tragedy. Read MoreRevenge Conventions In Hamlet Essay1182 Words   |  5 PagesHamlet is a play written by William Shakespeare that very closely follows the dramatic conventions of revenge in Elizabethan theater. All revenge tragedies originally stemmed from the Greeks, who wrote and performed the first plays. After the Greeks came Seneca who was very influential to all Elizabethan tragedy writers. Seneca who was Roman, basically set all of the ideas and the norms for all revenge play writers in the Renaissance era including William Shakespeare. The two most famous EnglishRead MoreThe Tragic Hero Of Hamlet By William Shakespeare1252 Words   |  6 Pagesof some importance. Like many of Shakespeare’s protagonist Hamlet is regarded by many as a tragic hero. They place him in the ranks of characters like Othello, Romeo and Antony. However, even though Hamlet shares many similarities with these characters and possess many of the attributes outlined by Aristotle, he ultimately does not f all into the trap of vengeance. Throughout the play the members of the Danish court attempt to poison Hamlet with different narratives and push him into vengeance. ItRead More A Christian Reading of Hamlet Essay1379 Words   |  6 PagesA Christian Reading of Hamlet      Ã‚   In a famous article, The Christian Tragic Hero, Poet W. H. Auden defines a Christian tragic hero according to the Judeo-Christian view that all people are moral agents and own responsibility for their actions. One of his examples is Macbeth, who listens to the witches and is tempted to commit a crime that he knows is wrong. Auden says that the audiences response to Macbeths fall is, What a pity it was this way when it might have been otherwise. ThisRead MoreEssay about Aristotelian Philosophy and Plays1777 Words   |  8 PagesPhilosophy and Plays According to Aristotelian philosophy a tragedy is a compressed development of a single plot. Aristotles principles have been derived from Greek mythology. He studied their plays, which had been enacted and hence laid down a set of rules. All playwrights and authors have followed his rules for centuries his rules have been considered a guide to a well-written tragedy. Aristotle states that for a play to be a tragedy the play should consist of a genre and generic attributesRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Hamlet 2273 Words   |  10 PagesShakespeare was an English playwright, widely regarded as the greatest writer in the English language and the world s pre-eminent dramatist. Shakespeare is perhaps most famous for his tragedies. Most of his tragedies were written in a seven-year period between 1601 and 1608. One of these tragedies is his famous play Hamlet. The age of Shakespeare was a great time in English history. The reign of Queen Elizabeth saw England emerge as the leading naval and commercial power of the Western world. ShakespeareRead MoreBiography of William Shakespeare2130 Words   |  9 PagesRomeo and Juliet. Macbeth. Hamlet. All of these plays have one thing in common. They were all written by a man named William Shakespeare. Now a household name, Shakespeare wrote a great number of plays and poems during the Elizabethan era. His work is studied by students everywhere, and his tales of adventure, c omedy, and romance enjoyed by many. However, what if another author truly deserves the credit for his literature? Debated by historians for centuries, Shakespeare’s authorship has been challengedRead MoreDuchess Of Malf Open Learn10864 Words   |  44 PagesDiscussion 19 Act 2: discovery 21 Ferdinand 21 Discussion 22 Conclusion 24 References 24 Further reading 25 Next steps 25 Acknowledgements 26 Figures 26 Don’t miss out 26 Introduction This unit, on the first two acts of John Webster’s Renaissance tragedy The Duchess of Malfi, focuses on the representation of the theme of love and marriage in the Malfi court, and the social conflicts to which it gives rise. The unit guides you through the first part of the play and will help you to develop your skillsRead MoreMacbeth9435 Words   |  38 Pagesfrom top-left, are: Macbeth and Banquo meet the  witches; just after the murder ofDuncan; Banquo s ghost; Macbeth duels Macduff; and Macbeth. Macbeth  is a play written by  William Shakespeare. It is considered one of his darkest and most powerful tragedies. Set in Scotland, the play dramatizes the corrosive psychological and political effects produced when evil is chosen as a way to fulfil the ambition for power. The play is believed to have been written between 1603 and 1607, and is most commonlyRead MoreOrganisational Theory230255 Words   |  922 Pagesabout the organization that reflect the ebb and flow of the organization’s history – these are referred to as the organizational sagas that tell the story of how the organization has achieved what it has achieved. There are also the organizational heroes (who personify the organizational values) and the villains (those who have failed the organization in some way). In approaches to organization culture that discuss it as something that an organization is rather than something the organization has

William Shakespeare s Sonnet 130 - 1123 Words

Shakespeare’s Sonnet 130 is an unconventional confession of love to his mistress, despite first interpretations. Shakespeare’s Sonnet 130 parodies the Petrarchan sonnet – popular during the Elizabethan period. Shakespeare uses figures of speech, sarcasm, and the Petrarchan form against itself to mock the ways in which feminine beauty is unrealistically compared to nature and represented. Due to Sidney’s and Spenser’s large impact regarding the popularization of the Petrarchan sonnet, Shakespeare largely uses their work as a critique. Shakespeare’s ultimate goal is to mock the conventions of the Petrarchan sonnet in order to convey the message that all beauty is subjective. Not only does Shakespeare accomplish this, but he also helps to diminish stigma related to the high beauty expectations during the Henrician and Elizabethan eras. Shakespeare uses the Petrarchan form against itself to convey the idea that comparing women to nature through sonnets is completely unrealistic and clichà ©. Shakespeare’s Sonnet 130 is committed to an â€Å"ABAB CDCD EFEF GG† pattern, contrastively to Petrarchan sonnets that go by the pattern â€Å"ABBA ABBA CDE CDE†, and the Spenserian pattern, â€Å"ABAB BCBC CDCD EE†. Shakespeare’s sonnets do however incorporate the couplet popularized by Thomas Wyatt in the 1520-1530’s, in order to emphasize his main argument: beauty is subjective (The Renaissance and the Early Seventeenth Century, 121). Shakespeare avoids the conventional Petrarchan form in order toShow MoreRelatedWilliam Shakespeare s Sonnet 130851 Words   |  4 Pagessometimes used to profess admiration to a lover. In Sonnet 130, Shakespeare redefined what love poems were, by making his poem a parody of the conventional love poems that were written by poets in the sixteenth to seventeenth century. Prior to this poem, love poems were praised for their romantic appeals where more often than not they praised women for their beauty and god like appearance. This poem was known to be one of Shakespeare’s most famous sonnets because of its central idea that love is not onlyRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Sonnet 130756 Words   |  4 Pagesit does not boast, it is not proud.† Rather than focusing on appearances, or whatever meets the eye, Sonnet 130 ,takes the love poem to a deeper,level where looks are no longer important and it is inner beauty that matters. Shakespeare paints this picture using a wonderful combination of details.This type of rare love is exemplified in William Shakespeare’s ‘Sonnet 130’a poem where Shakespeare dismisses conventional ideals of love and describes unconditional love. At first, the speaker is arguingRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Sonnet 130887 Words   |  4 PagesShakespearean Sonnets consist of 154 Sonnets that are well know for their themes such as passage of time, love, beauty, and mortality. Out of all the Sonnets, Sonnet 130 is the most significant because Shakespeare mocks the concept of traditional Sonnets. The traditional sonnet were usually love poems or Sonnets that person would show how much they praise someone or thing by exaggerating their beauty through imagery and comparisons. In Sonnet 130, Shakespeare does the complete opposite comparedRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Sonnet 18 And 130900 Words   |  4 Pages(Line 1). These are both two of the famous lines from William Shakespeare’s sonnet 18 and 130. William Shakespeare was an intelligent English playwright, poet, and dramatist during the late sixteenth and early seventeenth centuries. He is known as one of the greatest playwrights of all time. Sonnet 18 and 130 are two of Shakespeare’s most famous poems. Sonnet 18 is a love poem about how he compares the woman’s love to a summer’s day. Sonnet 130 has a different approach. It is still a comparisonRead MoreSonnet Analysis Essay124 9 Words   |  5 Pageschocolates and teddy bears or maybe a romantic sonnet? The clichà © of these superficial representations have been around for years and continue to plague our society today. But are the traditional roses on Valentine’s Day and anniversaries really a good signification of true love or would you prefer a unique and realistic approach? Good morning/ good afternoon Mr. Day and classmates, today I will be comparing two sonnets. These sonnets deal with the issue of ideal and unconventionalRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Poetry Of Love1612 Words   |  7 Pageswill focus on the poetry of William Shakespeare. Shakespeare was a world-renowned poet and playwright. Shakespeare had a romantic heart and his poetry is shaped by love. His poems usually depict the passion and sacredness of relationships. By comparing two poems from William Shakespeare it is shown how he has been able to articulate the poetic theme of love. This seminar will analyze and explore two of Shakespeare’s poems focusing on the particular theme of love. Shakespeare deals with deep and enduringRead MoreLove in Shakespeares Sonnets 18 and 130 Essay703 Words   |  3 PagesAlmost four hundred years after his death, William Shakespeares work continues to live on through his readers. He provides them with vivid images of what love was like during the 1600s. Shakespeare put virtually indescribable feelings into beautiful words that fit the specific form of the sonnet. He wrote 154 sonnets; all of which discuss some stage or feature of love. Love was the common theme during the time Shakespeare was writing. However, Shakespeare wrote about it in such a way that captivatedRead MoreSonnet 130:- Literary Devices635 Words   |  3 Pages4. WHAT LITERARY DEVICES ARE USED BY SHAKESPEARE TO PUT FORTH HIS IDEAS IN SONNET-130? IS HE COMPLETELY ANTI-PETRARCHAN? [16] 1st part The language spoken and written of great romances is often poetic, passionate, and filled with metaphors of beauty and devotion. In short, the language of love is the language of exaggeration. William Shakespeare ‘s most powerful description of love is when he satirizes this method of writing and in so doing instead claims that honesty and sincerityRead More Essay on Lust and Love in Shakespeare’s Sonnet 130 and Campion’s There is a Garden860 Words   |  4 PagesLust and Love in Shakespeare’s Sonnet 130 and Campion’s There is a Garden in Her Face  Ã‚     Ã‚   When a comparison is made between There is a Garden in Her Face by Thomas Campion and Sonnet 130 by William Shakespeare, the difference between lustful adoration and true love becomes evident. Both poems involve descriptions of a beloved lady seen through the eyes of the speaker, but the speaker in Campions poem discusses the womans beautiful perfections, while the speaker in Shakespeares poem showsRead MoreSonnet 130 - William Shakespeare An Unconventional Love1264 Words   |  6 PagesFebruary 2013 Sonnet 130 – William Shakespeare An Unconventional Love I will be writing about William Shakespeare s poem Sonnet 130. In the sonnet, every other line rhymes, with the exception of the last two lines which rhyme on their own as a rhyming couplet. The poem follows the rhyme scheme of a-b-a-b, c-d-c-d, e-f-e-f, g-g. This sonnet is written in iambic pentameter, containing fourteen lines and ten syllables within each line. The iambic pentameter makes the sonnet sound redundant,

Research Methods and Behavioral Theories

Question: Discuss about The Relationship of Body Image. Answer: Introduction The behavioral theories and psychological as well as psychosocial theories play a very important role in humans lives. Everyone needs to understand that the thoughts of people can be easily analyzed through their behavior. People tend to change their behavior when their heads are not clear. Any kind of physical activity or exercise plays a very important role in building a human mind strong. The heavy weight or bad body type should not affect people mentally because it leads to many diseases, including anxiety, depression, anger, fear etc. and recovering from such problems can be a cumbersome process. Body image and weight status have an impact on the thinking process of an individual and the way one perceives his body depends upon the type of attitude one carry in his life. So, it is important for the parents, teachers, and friends to help such people to stay positive about their bodies. Peers generally start to bully children which dont bring out good results. So, this literature r eview will focus on a few behavioral aspects. Literature Review Weight status and body image perceptions in adolescents: current perspectives: 005146C7 This literature review talks about the body image which is considered to be a multidimensional figure and which creates an impact on the psychology of human beings through their whole life. Many individuals, including men and women are dissatisfied from their bodies and are not very happy in their skin and it makes them less confident. The aim of this literature review is to analyze the perceptions of adolescents about their weights and body image and how does it impact them. This has become a major concern among adolescents and it has been affecting them quite deeply and they are facing emotional and mental stability due to changes in their physical appearance (Yin Seng, 2010). The authors say that individuals at their adolescent age have to face many physical changes and the height and weight develop. This is the age when the puberty starts and other characteristics, including change in voice, growth of hair starts to develop. At this age, individuals being to develop rational thinking and are able to think about broader possibilities. They initiate the abstract thinking process. The understanding of body image and weight status of people if developed by experiences and such experiences are with friends, parents, teachers etc. The body has a specific physical appearance, different shape and size. Such an image is affected by the kind of responses one gets from the people who matter to such person (Sanchez-Villegas Martinez, 2001). Body image and weight status can influence the thinking of an individual and the way one perceives his body depends upon the attitude one carry in his life. The authors say that the behavior of such individuals depends upon how their body is or how much weight do they carry. Generally, body image is ones perception towards ones own body and it is developed during a particular age during which many people have influenced the individuals mentally by commenting on their body size and shape. The physical attributes of people matter to them mostly during teenage and later they tend to focus more on developing their morals and focus on c areer rather than impressing people. So, authors in this article study the importance of physical appearance during adolescence. People have become internet savvy and post pictures on social networking sites every now and then to get them accepted by the general public (AL-Otaibi, et al., 2013). The authors of this article explain that body image is the main source which has a key role in making the individuals possesses eating problems. We all develop a mental image of our body and such image is being affected by the opinion of others. It depends upon the people how they perceive such opinions. However, talking about collective opinion, it affects more deeply than individual opinion. Not having a perfect body can manifest different changes in varied aspects, for example, we get to see behavioral changes. The bad body image may lead a person to many problems and he may start to feel depressed and isolated. So, at the age of adolescent, it is very important for parents to help the children gain self confidence and be happy in their own skin (Wilson, et al., 2013). In a National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data, it was reported that people who have good body shape tend to indulge in more physical activities to keep their body in shape and minimum 15 minutes every day, however, heavy weight people do not indulge in more physical activities. Women concerned about their body image and weight status more than men. The college going women tends to participate in maintaining their body shapes and in a survey, 61% of women who are studying in college are more participative in the gym to maintain their body shapes. This report provides that a woman can develop serious mental problems when they are opinionated about their weights and body shapes. The frequency of developing serious health problems is high among women than men (Viswanathan Viswanathan, 2011). Body consciousness makes the individuals think more about their physical appearance rather than their internal features. Such focus on physical appearance and consciousness opens into 3 aspects: Body scrutiny Collective opinion of others Behavioral aspects Women tend to analyze their bodies more than men, especially during their teenage. Internalized Societal Attitudes Moderate the Impact of Weight Stigma on Avoidance of Exercise: CE5C5D11 This literature review talks about the psychological effects of heavy weight on people and how it can affect behavioral and psychological outcomes. Every individual has different aims in life. Weight stigma is attached to many people who affect their daily life behavior. This takes into consideration the verbal and non-verbal behavior. He believed that non-verbal behavior of a human being depicts numerous things about him. The human beings work in harmony and as a whole. People stop being creatively active and maintain a blockage in their heads and that gets attached to them through their whole life. There are only a few people who get their self-confidence back. So, they need to adopt various strategies to bring the confidence out of them and make them creatively alive and more enthusiastic (Tomiyama, 2014). The authors say that people are the best judge of themselves. There are many stages in one's life. It starts from avoiding the physical activities to enjoy food. A person always tries to follow his own instincts which in return give him better results. However, there comes a stage when people are not able to see what others cans see. The stage of believing own intuition and instincts is somewhat a stage closer to self actualization which doesnt really come during teenage or even early years if adulthood (Thorsteinsson Breadsell, 2016). It is important to analyze the needs of the people and what will help them grow. The close scrutiny of external and internal variables brings out the problems which can become helpful while counseling a person in choosing a way of life. The author provides that physical exercise sometimes helps people to cure the problems with which humans are dealing and which are basically related to their minds. Performance of physical activity helps to enter the mind of beings so that with what they are facing can be brought out and the person then can be easily brought out of the dilemma. The problems such as anxiety, depression are treated by using this approach because it helps to know various experiences faced by human brains and what are the negative and positive effects of such experiences (Hunger, et al., 2015). It is believed that psyche consists of a number of distinct but connecting systems. The three important systems were ego, the personal unconscious and the collective one. The aspect of ego is an active aspect and it represents the memories, thoughts and the emotions. The personal unconscious, basically stores the forgotten memory which is temporary in nature. This includes a complex collection of thoughts and emot ions. Coming to collective conscious, this is basically shared with the people surrounding the environment. This includes the old memories, including past and ancestors. These three components are important to understand the human psyche. All the above aspects can be improved by meditation and physical exercise and many health problems and problems related to mind can be cured. This therapy is used to deal with mental health issues which are being faced by people around the whole globe (Thaxton, 2016). The author says that there are many theories related to human mind and one of it is a cognitive theory and which has been used to deal with the major problem of depression and this has become a very common problem in this era. During this therapy the mentor asks the clients to question the thoughts which are not aligned with their functional thoughts and interpret the thoughts which are coming to their heads and how such thoughts can be replaced by bringing more productive thoughts in place of them. He believed that sometimes a person fails to respond properly to the thoughts which upset him and how the reaction is controlled is done by this therapy. He said that when the person's mind is shadowed only by negative thoughts, he tends to get inclined towards depression (Vartanian, 2008). Anti-Fat Attitudes and Weight Bias Internalization: An Investigation of How BMI Impacts Perceptions, Opinions and Attitudes: 389F This literature review provides for how BMI impacts thinking of individuals. It says that negatively taking your body type can bring a continuous trail of negative thoughts, negative self-schemes and problems in logical thinking (Hudson, 2008). The main focus of this literature review is about the replacement of irrational thoughts with the rational ones. The irrational thoughts only increase the load on the brain, which tends to decrease its productivity. The person needs to eradicate the irrational beliefs because if he keeps following such beliefs he can go beyond the limits to make such beliefs come to reality which practically cannot pass through reality test. Hence, it can be said that the irrational beliefs only promote false actions (Kelly, 2013). It is said by the author that we tend to hold certain assumptions about ourselves and some of them are very irrational due to which sometimes we react in a very inappropriate manner and do things which are unethical as well as morally and legally wrong. He said that one can throw light on his dysfunctional thoughts by talking to himself. The unwanted thoughts and behaviors can be done away with if the person himself tries to acknowledge such behaviors. The self-talk is very important if one wants to meet his inner self. By doing this, the inner battles can be resolved and modified to a better one (Team, 2012). The physical exercise can be very helpful if a person doesnt know how to get rid of negative thoughts and how positive thoughts can be brought it. The theorists are of the view that sometimes a person cannot see himself what the other person can see. One of the psychosocial theories includes eight stages of human development. These are: - Infancy- trust v mistrust: in this stage, the person is unsure about the world where he lives. He tries to give the charge of handling his problems and taking care of himself in the hands of others. Early childhood- autonomy v shame: during this stage, the person tries to learn as to what the abilities he has and how they can be used. Here, parents allow the children to explore such skills and put them to work (Vivyan, 2009). Play age- initiative v guilt: at this stage the child is developing fast and he starts to interact with other children of his age during play time. Children start developing an aspect of initiation and how they can involve others while doing this. School age- industry v inferiority: here at this stage he starts to learn and write. The teachers and the peer group play a very significant role in his development and this is why it is very important to see who is becoming the guide of a child and who he is going to follow. Adolescence-Identity v role confusion: during this period the person tries to find his identity and what are his beliefs and goals and what will he tend to work for his whole life. They start focusing on their career, relationships and families. Adulthood- intimacy v isolation: at this stage the person starts sharing a sense of intimacy with the other person who is basically not a member of the family. If he tends to make commitments, then a sense of security is instilled in him, but if he is afraid of commitments, then he falls in the area of isolation. Middle adulthood- generativist v stagnation: Here at this stage the person establishes his career, start a family and becomes a part of a whole dignified picture and start following the social norms. Old age- ego integrity v despair: after becoming senior citizens, the life comes to a slow pace and the person gets retired and remains on his own. The children generally follow the path of their father. They put more emphasis on the dynamics of the human psyche rather than the structure of the psyche. They need to focus on the substance and not on the form. The importance of physical activity given above has been proved to be beneficial for many people worldwide. The various models have helped people in knowing how and what pattern of reaction they give during certain ages and what are the aspects of mind which cannot be observed by a layman and there are many latent layers behind it. This article explains the importance of physical activities among lives of young women. The young women concentrate more on exercise to improve their looks. During young times, people stay keener about their looks so to improve it they work hard to look better. The authors provide that adolescence is the age where looks matter more than the internal beauty. The external looks of women are developed during a particular age during which many people have influenced the individuals mentally by commenting on their body size and shape. Women stay conscious more about their looks than the career at this age (ODougherty, et al., 2009). According to a survey, the people who register at gym more are mostly youngsters. The college students are more likely to indulge in physical exercise at gym than the old people who engage themselves in other physical activities like walking, jogging etc. Conclusion It is important to keep stay fit and healthy. However, it is not right to give opinion to others about their size and weight because we dont know what other people might think or how they will perceive such opinions. It has been said that the collective opinion plays a very important role in peoples lives because many people are of the view that collective opinion is relevant. So, to help people, especially children from carrying trauma every day about their body image, it is important to help them by suggesting them about the benefits of physical activities and meditation. The impact of BMI has been explained above by explaining the various stages in human life. The psychological theories impact the development of human mind along with growth of human body. Young age is the age where it is very easy to change human mind and it is important to give them motivation to bring the best out of them. References AL-Otaibi, H., Nassef, S. Raouf, T., 2013. Body Shape Dissatisfaction, Weight Status and Physical Activity among a Sample University Students in Saudi Arabia, Available at: https://file.scirp.org/pdf/FNS_2013060514562373.pdf Hudson, C., 2008. The relationship of body image, body mass index and self-esteem to eating attitudes in a normal sample, Available at: https://ir.canterbury.ac.nz/bitstream/handle/10092/1534/thesis_fulltext.pdf;jsessionid=4D5BF3B81501106245361776117DABDC?sequence=1 Hunger, J., Major, B., Blodorn, A. Miller, C., 2015. Weighed Down by Stigma: How Weight-Based Social Identity Threat Contributes to Weight Gain and Poor Health, Available at: https://labs.psych.ucsb.edu/major/brenda/docs/Hunger%20et%20al.%20(2015).pdf Kelly, L., 2013. The relationship between emotional eating, depression and body mass, Available at: https://etd.library.vanderbilt.edu/available/etd-12022013-121153/unrestricted/LoranKellyMastersThesis120213.pdf ODougherty, M. et al., 2009. Purposeful exercise and lifestyle physical activity in the lives of young adult women: Findings from a diary study. PMC Journal, December, 49(8), p. 642661. Sanchez-Villegas, A. Martinez, A., 2001. Perception of body image as indicator of weight status in the European Union, Available at: https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.654.604rep=rep1type=pdf Team, N., 2012. Cognitive Behavioural Therapy Skills Training Workbook, Available at: https://www.hpft.nhs.uk/_uploads/documents/help-for-adults/cbt-workshop-booklet_web.pdf Thaxton, T., 2016. The influence of anticipated weight stigma and weight bias internalization on eating, exercise, and quality of life among obese women, Available at: https://kb.osu.edu/dspace/bitstream/handle/1811/76702/Influence_of_Stigma_on_Obese_TylerThaxton.pdf?sequence=1 Thorsteinsson, E. Breadsell, D., 2016. The effect of weight controllability beliefs on prejudice and self-efficacy, Available at: https://peerj.com/articles/1764.pdf Tomiyama, A., 2014. Weight stigma is stressful. A review of evidence for the Cyclic Obesity/Weight-Based Stigma model: University of California, Available at: https://www.dishlab.org/pubs/Tomiyama%20COBWEBS.pdf Vartanian, L., 2008. Effects of Weight Stigma on Exercise Motivation and Behavior. Journal of Health Psychology, pp. 1-8. Viswanathan, H. Viswanathan, B., 2011. Is Accurate Perception of Body Image Associated with Appropriate Weight-Control Behavior among Adolescents of the Seychelles. Journal of Obesity, pp. 1-8. Vivyan, C., 2009. An Introductory Self-Help Course in Cognitive Behaviour Therapy, Available at: https://www.dbtselfhelp.com/selfhelpcourse.pdf Wilson, M., Viswanathan, B., Rousson, V. Bovet, P., 2013. Weight Status, Body Image and Bullying among Adolescents in the Seychelles. International Journal of Environ. Res. Public Health, Volume 10, pp. 1763-1774. Yin, T. Seng, Y., 2010. Weight Status, Body Image Perception and Physical Activity of Malay Housewives, Available at: https://www.ucsiuniversity.edu.my/cervie/pdf/ijasa/paperBio.pdf Research Methods and Behavioral Theories Question Research Methods and Behavioral TheoriesAnswer Introduction The behavioral theories and psychological as well as psychosocial theories play a very important role in humans lives. Everyone needs to understand that the thoughts of people can be easily analyzed through their behavior. People tend to change their behavior when their heads are not clear. Any kind of physical activity or exercise plays a very important role in building a human mind strong. The heavy weight or bad body type should not affect people mentally because it leads to many diseases, including anxiety, depression, anger, fear etc. and recovering from such problems can be a cumbersome process. Body image and weight status have an impact on the thinking process of an individual and the way one perceives his body depends upon the type of attitude one carry in his life. So, it is important for the parents, teachers, and friends to help such people to stay positive about their bodies. Peers generally start to bully children which dont bring out good results. So, this literature r eview will focus on a few behavioral aspects. Literature Review Topic 1 Weight status and body image perceptions in adolescents: current perspectives: 005146C7 This literature review talks about the body image which is considered to be a multidimensional figure and which creates an impact on the psychology of human beings through their whole life. Many individuals, including men and women are dissatisfied from their bodies and are not very happy in their skin and it makes them less confident. The aim of this literature review is to analyze the perceptions of adolescents about their weights and body image and how does it impact them. This has become a major concern among adolescents and it has been affecting them quite deeply and they are facing emotional and mental stability due to changes in their physical appearance (Yin Seng, 2010). The authors say that individuals at their adolescent age have to face many physical changes and the height and weight develop. This is the age when the puberty starts and other characteristics, including change in voice, growth of hair starts to develop. At this age, individuals being to develop rational thinking and are able to think about broader possibilities. They initiate the abstract thinking process. The understanding of body image and weight status of people if developed by experiences and such experiences are with friends, parents, teachers etc. The body has a specific physical appearance, different shape and size. Such an image is affected by the kind of responses one gets from the people who matter to such person (Sanchez-Villegas Martinez, 2001). Body image and weight status can influence the thinking of an individual and the way one perceives his body depends upon the attitude one carry in his life. The authors say that the behavior of such individuals depends upon how their body is or how much weight do they carry. Generally, body image is ones perception towards ones own body and it is developed during a particular age during which many people have influenced the individuals mentally by commenting on their body size and shape. The physical attributes of people matter to them mostly during teenage and later they tend to focus more on developing their morals and focus on c areer rather than impressing people. So, authors in this article study the importance of physical appearance during adolescence. People have become internet savvy and post pictures on social networking sites every now and then to get them accepted by the general public (AL-Otaibi, et al., 2013). The authors of this article explain that body image is the main source which has a key role in making the individuals possesses eating problems. We all develop a mental image of our body and such image is being affected by the opinion of others. It depends upon the people how they perceive such opinions. However, talking about collective opinion, it affects more deeply than individual opinion. Not having a perfect body can manifest different changes in varied aspects, for example, we get to see behavioral changes. The bad body image may lead a person to many problems and he may start to feel depressed and isolated. So, at the age of adolescent, it is very important for parents to help the children gain self confidence and be happy in their own skin (Wilson, et al., 2013). In a National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data, it was reported that people who have good body shape tend to indulge in more physical activities to keep their body in shape and minimum 15 minutes every day, however, heavy weight people do not indulge in more physical activities. Women concerned about their body image and weight status more than men. The college going women tends to participate in maintaining their body shapes and in a survey, 61% of women who are studying in college are more participative in the gym to maintain their body shapes. This report provides that a woman can develop serious mental problems when they are opinionated about their weights and body shapes. The frequency of developing serious health problems is high among women than men (Viswanathan Viswanathan, 2011). Body consciousness makes the individuals think more about their physical appearance rather than their internal features. Such focus on physical appearance and consciousness opens into 3 aspects: Body scrutiny Collective opinion of others Behavioral aspects Women tend to analyze their bodies more than men, especially during their teenage. Topic 2 Internalized Societal Attitudes Moderate the Impact of Weight Stigma on Avoidance of Exercise: CE5C5D11 This literature review talks about the psychological effects of heavy weight on people and how it can affect behavioral and psychological outcomes. Every individual has different aims in life. Weight stigma is attached to many people who affect their daily life behavior. This takes into consideration the verbal and non-verbal behavior. He believed that non-verbal behavior of a human being depicts numerous things about him. The human beings work in harmony and as a whole. People stop being creatively active and maintain a blockage in their heads and that gets attached to them through their whole life. There are only a few people who get their self-confidence back. So, they need to adopt various strategies to bring the confidence out of them and make them creatively alive and more enthusiastic (Tomiyama, 2014). The authors say that people are the best judge of themselves. There are many stages in one's life. It starts from avoiding the physical activities to enjoy food. A person always tries to follow his own instincts which in return give him better results. However, there comes a stage when people are not able to see what others cans see. The stage of believing own intuition and instincts is somewhat a stage closer to self actualization which doesnt really come during teenage or even early years if adulthood (Thorsteinsson Breadsell, 2016). It is important to analyze the needs of the people and what will help them grow. The close scrutiny of external and internal variables brings out the problems which can become helpful while counseling a person in choosing a way of life. The author provides that physical exercise sometimes helps people to cure the problems with which humans are dealing and which are basically related to their minds. Performance of physical activity helps to enter the mind of beings so that with what they are facing can be brought out and the person then can be easily brought out of the dilemma. The problems such as anxiety, depression are treated by using this approach because it helps to know various experiences faced by human brains and what are the negative and positive effects of such experiences (Hunger, et al., 2015). It is believed that psyche consists of a number of distinct but connecting systems. The three important systems were ego, the personal unconscious and the collective one. The aspect of ego is an active aspect and it represents the memories, thoughts and the emotions. The personal unconscious, basically stores the forgotten memory which is temporary in nature. This includes a complex collection of thoughts and emot ions. Coming to collective conscious, this is basically shared with the people surrounding the environment. This includes the old memories, including past and ancestors. These three components are important to understand the human psyche. All the above aspects can be improved by meditation and physical exercise and many health problems and problems related to mind can be cured. This therapy is used to deal with mental health issues which are being faced by people around the whole globe (Thaxton, 2016). The author says that there are many theories related to human mind and one of it is a cognitive theory and which has been used to deal with the major problem of depression and this has become a very common problem in this era. During this therapy the mentor asks the clients to question the thoughts which are not aligned with their functional thoughts and interpret the thoughts which are coming to their heads and how such thoughts can be replaced by bringing more productive thoughts in place of them. He believed that sometimes a person fails to respond properly to the thoughts which upset him and how the reaction is controlled is done by this therapy. He said that when the person's mind is shadowed only by negative thoughts, he tends to get inclined towards depression (Vartanian, 2008). Topic 3 Anti-Fat Attitudes and Weight Bias Internalization: An Investigation of How BMI Impacts Perceptions, Opinions and Attitudes: 389F This literature review provides for how BMI impacts thinking of individuals. It says that negatively taking your body type can bring a continuous trail of negative thoughts, negative self-schemes and problems in logical thinking (Hudson, 2008). The main focus of this literature review is about the replacement of irrational thoughts with the rational ones. The irrational thoughts only increase the load on the brain, which tends to decrease its productivity. The person needs to eradicate the irrational beliefs because if he keeps following such beliefs he can go beyond the limits to make such beliefs come to reality which practically cannot pass through reality test. Hence, it can be said that the irrational beliefs only promote false actions (Kelly, 2013). It is said by the author that we tend to hold certain assumptions about ourselves and some of them are very irrational due to which sometimes we react in a very inappropriate manner and do things which are unethical as well as morally and legally wrong. He said that one can throw light on his dysfunctional thoughts by talking to himself. The unwanted thoughts and behaviors can be done away with if the person himself tries to acknowledge such behaviors. The self-talk is very important if one wants to meet his inner self. By doing this, the inner battles can be resolved and modified to a better one (Team, 2012). The physical exercise can be very helpful if a person doesnt know how to get rid of negative thoughts and how positive thoughts can be brought it. The theorists are of the view that sometimes a person cannot see himself what the other person can see. One of the psychosocial theories includes eight stages of human development. These are: - Infancy- trust v mistrust: in this stage, the person is unsure about the world where he lives. He tries to give the charge of handling his problems and taking care of himself in the hands of others. Early childhood- autonomy v shame: during this stage, the person tries to learn as to what the abilities he has and how they can be used. Here, parents allow the children to explore such skills and put them to work (Vivyan, 2009). Play age- initiative v guilt: at this stage the child is developing fast and he starts to interact with other children of his age during play time. Children start developing an aspect of initiation and how they can involve others while doing this. School age- industry v inferiority: here at this stage he starts to learn and write. The teachers and the peer group play a very significant role in his development and this is why it is very important to see who is becoming the guide of a child and who he is going to follow. Adolescence-Identity v role confusion: during this period the person tries to find his identity and what are his beliefs and goals and what will he tend to work for his whole life. They start focusing on their career, relationships and families. Adulthood- intimacy v isolation: at this stage the person starts sharing a sense of intimacy with the other person who is basically not a member of the family. If he tends to make commitments, then a sense of security is instilled in him, but if he is afraid of commitments, then he falls in the area of isolation. Middle adulthood- generativist v stagnation: Here at this stage the person establishes his career, start a family and becomes a part of a whole dignified picture and start following the social norms. Old age- ego integrity v despair: after becoming senior citizens, the life comes to a slow pace and the person gets retired and remains on his own. The children generally follow the path of their father. They put more emphasis on the dynamics of the human psyche rather than the structure of the psyche. They need to focus on the substance and not on the form. The importance of physical activity given above has been proved to be beneficial for many people worldwide. The various models have helped people in knowing how and what pattern of reaction they give during certain ages and what are the aspects of mind which cannot be observed by a layman and there are many latent layers behind it. Topic 4 This article explains the importance of physical activities among lives of young women. The young women concentrate more on exercise to improve their looks. During young times, people stay keener about their looks so to improve it they work hard to look better. The authors provide that adolescence is the age where looks matter more than the internal beauty. The external looks of women are developed during a particular age during which many people have influenced the individuals mentally by commenting on their body size and shape. Women stay conscious more about their looks than the career at this age (ODougherty, et al., 2009). According to a survey, the people who register at gym more are mostly youngsters. The college students are more likely to indulge in physical exercise at gym than the old people who engage themselves in other physical activities like walking, jogging etc. Conclusion It is important to keep stay fit and healthy. However, it is not right to give opinion to others about their size and weight because we dont know what other people might think or how they will perceive such opinions. It has been said that the collective opinion plays a very important role in peoples lives because many people are of the view that collective opinion is relevant. So, to help people, especially children from carrying trauma every day about their body image, it is important to help them by suggesting them about the benefits of physical activities and meditation. The impact of BMI has been explained above by explaining the various stages in human life. The psychological theories impact the development of human mind along with growth of human body. Young age is the age where it is very easy to change human mind and it is important to give them motivation to bring the best out of them. Questions: What is the importance of parents in addressing problems of children related to body weight and shape? Do general public attain knowledge regarding psychological and psychosocial theories? What is the importance of different stages in life on growth of children? References AL-Otaibi, H., Nassef, S. Raouf, T., 2013. Body Shape Dissatisfaction, Weight Status and Physical Activity among a Sample University Students in Saudi Arabia, Available at: https://file.scirp.org/pdf/FNS_2013060514562373.pdf Hudson, C., 2008. The relationship of body image, body mass index and self-esteem to eating attitudes in a normal sample, Available at: https://ir.canterbury.ac.nz/bitstream/handle/10092/1534/thesis_fulltext.pdf;jsessionid=4D5BF3B81501106245361776117DABDC?sequence=1 Hunger, J., Major, B., Blodorn, A. Miller, C., 2015. Weighed Down by Stigma: How Weight-Based Social Identity Threat Contributes to Weight Gain and Poor Health, Available at: https://labs.psych.ucsb.edu/major/brenda/docs/Hunger%20et%20al.%20(2015).pdf Kelly, L., 2013. The relationship between emotional eating, depression and body mass, Available at: https://etd.library.vanderbilt.edu/available/etd-12022013-121153/unrestricted/LoranKellyMastersThesis120213.pdf ODougherty, M. et al., 2009. Purposeful exercise and lifestyle physical activity in the lives of young adult women: Findings from a diary study. PMC Journal, December, 49(8), p. 642661. Sanchez-Villegas, A. Martinez, A., 2001. Perception of body image as indicator of weight status in the European Union, Available at: https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.654.604rep=rep1type=pdf Team, N., 2012. Cognitive Behavioural Therapy Skills Training Workbook, Available at: https://www.hpft.nhs.uk/_uploads/documents/help-for-adults/cbt-workshop-booklet_web.pdf Thaxton, T., 2016. The influence of anticipated weight stigma and weight bias internalization on eating, exercise, and quality of life among obese women, Available at: https://kb.osu.edu/dspace/bitstream/handle/1811/76702/Influence_of_Stigma_on_Obese_TylerThaxton.pdf?sequence=1 Thorsteinsson, E. Breadsell, D., 2016. The effect of weight controllability beliefs on prejudice and self-efficacy, Available at: https://peerj.com/articles/1764.pdf Tomiyama, A., 2014. Weight stigma is stressful. A review of evidence for the Cyclic Obesity/Weight-Based Stigma model: University of California, Available at: https://www.dishlab.org/pubs/Tomiyama%20COBWEBS.pdf Vartanian, L., 2008. Effects of Weight Stigma on Exercise Motivation and Behavior. Journal of Health Psychology, pp. 1-8. Viswanathan, H. Viswanathan, B., 2011. Is Accurate Perception of Body Image Associated with Appropriate Weight-Control Behavior among Adolescents of the Seychelles. Journal of Obesity, pp. 1-8. Vivyan, C., 2009. An Introductory Self-Help Course in Cognitive Behaviour Therapy, Available at: https://www.dbtselfhelp.com/selfhelpcourse.pdf Wilson, M., Viswanathan, B., Rousson, V. Bovet, P., 2013. Weight Status, Body Image and Bullying among Adolescents in the Seychelles. International Journal of Environ. Res. Public Health, Volume 10, pp. 1763-1774. Yin, T. Seng, Y., 2010. Weight Status, Body Image Perception and Physical Activity of Malay Housewives, Available at: https://www.ucsiuniversity.edu.my/cervie/pdf/ijasa/paperBio.pdf

Best Case Questions free essay sample

It can point out significant matters of the financial statements but does not provide assurance of their accuracy. Because reviews are generally not as rigorous as audits, considerably less evidence is typically collected in a review than in a comparable audit engagement. The issue with ZZZZ Best case is that the auditors review was not sufficient enough to review any material misstatements on the financial statements. 3. SAS 106 (AU 326), Audit Evidence, specifically identifies the principal management assertions that underlie financial statements.The existence/occurrence assertion was particularly critical for ZZZZ Best’s insurance restoration contracts. ZZZZ Best’s auditors obtained third-party confirmations to support the contracts, reviewed available documentation, performed analytical procedures to evaluate the reasonableness of the revenues recorded on the contracts, and visited selected restoration sites. * What were the limitations of the evidence that these procedures provided with regard to the management assertion of existence/occurrence? 8 points) The limitations of the evidence that these procedures provided with regard to the management assertion of existence/occurrence was that Minkow insisted on Ernst Whinney to sign a standard confidentiality agreement where it stated that Ernst Whinney will not be able to make any follow-up telephone calls to any contractors, insurance companies, the building owner, or other individuals involved in the restoration contract. We will write a custom essay sample on Best Case Questions or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page This restriction effectively prohibited the auditors from corroborating the insurance restoration contracts with independent third parties. 4. George Greenspan testified before Congress that one method he used to audit the insurance restoration contracts was to verify that his client actually received payment on those jobs. * How can such apparently reliable evidence lead an auditor to an improper conclusion? (6 points) In Greenspan’s situation, his apparently reliable evidence was not from independent third party.When Greenspan confirmed the existence of ZZZZ’s insurance restoration contracts, he contacted Tom Padgett who at the time was an active and willing participant in Minkow’s fraudulent schemes. 5. Re: Predecessor-successor auditors: * What is the purpose of predecessor-successor auditor communications? * Which party, the predecessor or successor auditor, has the responsibility for initiating these communications?The successor auditor should obtain information from the predecessor auditor that will assist the successor auditor in determining whether to accept the engagement. Matters subject to the inquiry should include information that might bear on the integrity of management, disagreements with management as to accounting principles, auditing procedures, or similarly significant manners, communications to those charged with governance regarding fraud and illegal acts by clients, communications to management and those charged with governance regarding signi?

Precision World Wide Case Study Essay Example

Precision World Wide Case Study Essay Precision World Wide Inc. wants to determine whether they should introduce a new Japanese prototype to their steel ring. This new ring which is made out of plastic is tougher and less costly to produce. By producing these plastic rings, Precision worldwide would go out of business if some form of action is not taken. One big issue is the level of steel rings that they currently have in their inventory. These rings cannot be sold for any value including scrap. The reason for having so much inventory is the result of having to order the highly specialized steel in large amounts so that a mill would be willing to handle the order. As far as this issue, Thorborg needs to realize that the cost of the steel rings in inventory is a sunk cost. With sunk costs, the cost becomes irrelevant because it cannot vary with the decision to produce plastic rings. A lot of times, managers are too scared or not willing to give up on a decision because they have invested so much into it. They need evaluate the decision based on what is a better more profitable product to produce regardless of what was already a sunk cost. Thorborg, also needs to properly handle the inventory and be very strategic in the way he sells the steel rings considering that he will have 15,100 finished rings would be left on hand by mid-September when the plastic rings roll out. Thorborg would be better off if he sold as many steel rings as possible prior to the production of the plastic rings. One strategy he can implement would be to price discriminate and sell to low value consumers at a discounted rate which will increase sales of the steel rings. He can talk to Henk which is the sales manager to come up with drastic price reductions and reduce steel ring inventory. Once all inventory is exhausted, produce all plastic rings. Another strategy would be to sell steel rings until the plastic rings are ready for the market, then sell the steel rings at a discount and sell plastic rings at the same time. We will write a custom essay sample on Precision World Wide Case Study specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Precision World Wide Case Study specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Precision World Wide Case Study specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer With this option, you must emphasize to the market that plastic rings are tougher which reflects on the price. You can also just sell steel rings and do not consider selling plastic rings at all. This option does not prepare the company for long term financial success because the profit margins are a lot higher for plastic rings. Also, you can just produce plastic rings and scrap all of you inventory. This option would not consider the opportunity cost of the excess steel rings inventory.

The Beginning of the Ionian Revolt

The Beginning of the Ionian Revolt The Ionian revolt (c. 499-c.493) led to the Persian Wars, which includes the famous battle depicted in the movie 300, the Battle of Thermopylae, and the battle that lent its name to a long race, the Battle of Marathon. The Ionian Revolt itself did not occur in a vacuum but was preceded by other tensions, notably trouble in Naxos. Possible reasons for the revolt of the Ionian Greeks [based on Manville: Anti-tyrant feeling.Having to pay tribute to the Persian king.The kings failure to understand the Greeks need for freedom.As response to an economic crisis in Asia Minor.Aristagoras hope to get out of his difficulties with Artaphrenes that were caused by the ill-fated Naxos Expedition.Histiaios hope to get out of his benign captivity at Susa. Characters in the Naxos Expedition The principal names to know in connection with this Herodotus-based introduction to the Ionian Revolt are those involved in the Naxos Expedition: Histiaios (Histiaeus), son of Lysagoras and the tyrant of Miletus (c.515–493 B.C.).Aristagoras (c.505–496 B.C.), son of Molpagoras, ambitious son-in-law, and deputy of Histaios.Artaphernes, satrap of Lydia, in western Asia Minor.Darius (r. c.521-486 B.C.), the Great King of Persia and half-brother of Artaphernes.Megabates, a cousin of Darius and Persian naval commander. Aristagoras of Miletus and the Naxos Expedition Naxos- the prosperous Cyclades island where the legendary Theseus abandoned Ariadne- was not yet under Persian control. The Naxians had driven out certain rich men, who had fled to Miletus but wished to go home. They asked Aristagoras for help. Aristagoras was the deputy tyrant of Miletus, the son-in-law of the proper tyrant, Histiaios, who had been rewarded Myrkinos for loyalty at the Danube Bridge in the Persian Great King Darius fight against the Scythians. He was  then asked by the king to come to Sardis, where he was brought to Susa by Darius. Megabates betrays Artaphernes Aristagoras agreed to aid the exiles, and asked the satrap of western Asia, Artaphernes, for help. Artaphernes- with permission from Darius- gave Aristagoras a fleet of 200 ships under the command of a Persian named Megabates. Aristagoras and the Naxian exiles set sail with Megabates et al. They pretended to head to the Hellespont. At Chios, they stopped and waited for a favorable wind. Meanwhile, Megabates toured his ships. Finding one neglected, he ordered the commander punished. Aristagoras not only released the commander but reminded Megabates that Megabates was only second-in-command. As a result of this insult, Megabates betrayed the operation by informing the Naxians in advance of their arrival. This gave them time to prepare, so they were able to survive the Milesian-Persian fleet arrival and four-month siege. In the end, the defeated Persian-Milesians left, with the exiled Naxians installed in forts built around Naxos. Herodotus says Aristagoras feared Persian reprisal as a consequence of the defeat. Histiaios sent a slave- Aristagoras- with a secret message about the revolt hidden as a brand on his scalp. The revolt was Aristagoras next step. Aristagoras persuaded those he joined in a council that they should revolt. One hold-out was the logographer Hecataeus who thought the Persians too powerful. When Hecataeus couldnt persuade the council, he objected to the army-based plan, urging, instead, a naval approach. The Ionian Revolt With Aristagoras as leader of their revolutionary movement after his failed expedition against Naxos, Ionian cities deposed their pro-Persian Greek puppet tyrants, replacing them with a democratic government, and prepared for further revolt against the Persians. Since they required military help Aristagoras went across the Aegean to mainland Greece to ask for help. Aristagoras unsuccessfully petitioned Sparta for its army, but Athens and Eretria provided more appropriate naval support for the Ionian islands- as the logographer/historian Hecataeus had urged. Together the Greeks from Ionia and the mainland pillaged and burned most of Sardis, the capital of Lydia, but Artaphrenes successfully defended the citys citadel. Retreating to Ephesus, the Greek forces were beaten by the Persians. Byzantium, Caria, Caunus, and most of Cyprus joined in the Ionian revolt. Although the Greek forces were occasionally successful, as at Caria, the Persians were winning. Aristagoras left Miletus in the hands of Pythagoras and went to Myrkinos where he was killed by Thracians. Persuading Darius to let him leave by telling the Persian king that he would pacify Ionia, Histiaios left Susa, went to Sardis, and tried unsuccessfully to re-enter Miletus. A major sea battle at Lade resulted in the victory of the Persians and defeat of the Ionians. Miletus fell. Histiaios was captured and executed by Artaphrenes who may have been jealous of Histiaios close relationship with Darius. Sources Herodotus Book VHerodotus Book VIAristagoras and Histiaios: The Leadership Struggle in the Ionian Revolt, by P. B. Manville; The Classical Quarterly, (1977), pp. 80-91.The Attack on Naxos: A Forgotten Cause of the Ionian Revolt, by Arthur Keaveney; The Classical Quarterly, (1988), pp. 76-81.Jona Lendering: Beginning of the Ionian Revolt; affairs in Greece (5.28-55)

Hello Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 2

Hello - Essay Example This necessitated that I study the management information systems (MIS). I realized this early enough and had the opportunity to change over from finance. MIS is concerned with processing data into information. I have seen how MIS enables quick and reliable referencing apart from efficient and effective coordination. I have been witnessing this while at the college administration and the library services. As far as our family business of real estate is concerned, technology such as customer relationship management (CRM) can help to enhance relations with customers and increase customer value over time. Customer Relationship Management (CRM) is one used by many service organizations as it helps to develop and maintain relations with the customers. Browsing through the dailies I also understand that economic downturn and market globalization have posed a challenge to the real estate market. These challenges range from revenue-generation to cost-cutting measures. I know SAP (Systems, Applications and Products) is one such technology which integrates application for managing all types of real estate. SAP is particularly interesting to me because in Saudi Arabia real estate market and constructional development is undergoing phenomenal growth. Incorporating modern technology in the family business would add value as communication and modern technology have become fundamental for any business. I would like to employ technology to integrate green solutions in real estate projects. Green buildings have profound impact on productivity. The consequences of such projects can bring about reduction in costs while enhancing employee efficiency. It keeps the employees motivated which in turn positively impacts productivity. I am aware of the challenges that lie ahead of me in accomplishing my task. The use of technology such as SAP and CRM are fairly new to my home country. I would first need to educate the people in my

NonVerbal MisCOmmunication Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

NonVerbal MisCOmmunication - Essay Example In my locality, this sign would generally be taken to mean peace, love or victory. The foreigner, an Italian, reacted not as I expected. He murmured some harsh words and threw a stream of insults at me beneath his breath. I really did not understand why the Italian responded negatively to my humble appeal for love and peace. I felt humiliated especially considering that so many people in the venue had witnessed my move and the foreigner’s reaction. Several years later, I came to realize that the V-sign is an insult in Italian culture, quite the opposite of what I meant. In order to avoid conflicts that arise from non-verbal communication, I always try to learn people’s cultures and thereby improve my intercultural communication skills as much as I can by reading books on intercultural communication, in line with Novinger’s suggestion (Novinger, 2001). I have become more careful on the gestures that I use when

Journal entry (economics topic) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Journal entry (economics topic) - Essay Example erefore, given that in times of economic crisis there is decreased tax revenue it became important to establish measures to resolve decreased revenues as a result of decline in profits, incomes, consumptions or increase in tax evasion (Ramona, Ionut, & Cristian, 2011). VAT has also increased its relevancy to bridge the gap that government have in national debt. VAT is administered effectively and has enabled some country reduce their national debt without raising the direct taxes on capital and labor (Ramona, Ionut, & Cristian, 2011). Therefore, VAT has been a powerful tool that enables economies address the macroeconomic issue such as unemployment and investment without disrupting the operation of a country. In conclusion, the government may increase or decrease the charge on VAT to address the economic crisis of the day rather than resulting to other measures to increase tax receipt. However, there are macroeconomic consequences with little severity compared to other alternative ways of raising revenue. VAT has become one the largest indirect tax and considered as a tax for the future. It is successful and does not burden one source only as it is shared among producers and users (Ramona, Ionut, & Cristian,

Control The Incidence Of Different Diseases And Conditions Health Essay

Control The Incidence Of Different Diseases And Conditions Health Essay The relevant authorities responsible for maintaining public health such as local authorities, health trusts, government institutions, voluntary organizations etc are required to measure, monitor and control the incidence of different diseases and conditions which occur in a community. In epidemiology, incidence is a measure of a persons likelihood or risk of developing some new disease within a specified time period and is best expressed as a rate or a probability. Incidence is also a mathematical quantity that describes the occurrence of a disease Y in a population. It is the proportion of persons in the population, who newly develop the disease Y within a given time period (t): The measure of incidence is stated below: Incidence in population P  Ã‚  =  Ã‚  Ã‚   # who develop the disease Y in population p in a time t   # in population p The practice of disease monitoring is a complex subject and the method implemented in order to carry out this practice varies slightly according the nature of the disease and the extent of the geographical area in which the disease is to be monitored. Surveillance and monitoring are crucial to provide countries with the information needed about development of policies and programs for non-communicable diseases, and to support the assessment of these initiatives and monitor progress. The capacity to undertake surveillance for these purposes varies greatly around the world and was judged inadequate in many low-income and middle-income countries. Some disease monitoring programs are planned to occur in phases over an approximate period to allow for the collection, processing and assimilation of all of the sample material and its association with other recorded parameters.  Ã‚  Once results have been obtained and analyzed, the findings of the study will be published and will be made av ailable to all of the health and social care authorities and professionals of the area studied. The results of the disease monitoring projects and knowledge gained from the study will be  very helpful  with regards to future treatment protocols, therefore improving the health care in addition to aiding the understanding of the disease  thereby ultimately assisting in its prevention. The reports and findings arrived at while conducting the research is as follows: Preliminary outbreak assessments Qualitative risk assessments A surveillance framework, including a minimum set of indicators covering exposures and outcomes, is essential for policy development and assessment and for monitoring of trends in disease. Data must be collected, analyzed and used in a regular and systematic way. The interval between the episodes of data collection may vary depending on the measurements involved and the infrastructure available to conduct surveys. Surveillance involves commitment to data collection on an ongoing repeated basis, as well as the use of the data for public health policy. Four considerations guide the choice of risk factors for inclusion in surveillance activities: The significance of the risk factor for public health in terms of the nature and severity of the morbidity, disability and mortality of the NCDs associated with these risk factors. The cost of collecting valid data on a repeated basis; The availability and strength of the evidence that intervening on the factor will reduce non communicable diseases in the community. The ability to measure the risk factor burden uniformly in different settings to ensure comparability and to measure changes over time. The next most important aspect in maintaining public health after disease monitoring is conducted (and if a disease appears to be rampant) is the process of disease control. Control of a disease is the reduction in its incidence, prevalence, mortality and morbidity and elimination of a particular disease in a geographical area may be achieved as a result of intervention programs such as individual protection by the use of vaccines etc. Public Health applies a wide variety of tools for the prevention and control of infectious disease and their transmission by following a range of activities including the filtration and disinfection of community drinking water to environmental vector control, immunization programs etc. Another important program implemented by health and social care authorities in an effort to control the spread of disease is by organizing programs to promote self- protection, case findings and effective treatment of infections to stop their spread to other people (eg: HIV, Tuberculosis, malaria etc). Most importantly planning measures need to be in place. Health promotion is one of the most essential instruments of infectious disease control. It promotes community support of preventive measures. Means of controlling communicable diseases is mentioned below: Epidemiological monitoring Immunization Environmental measures Laboratory research and confirmation Immunization programs Epidemiology of Malaria in South Africa Incidence Rates- In 2006,  South Africa  reported 12,098 cases of  malaria  (incidence rate  25.9 per 100000 person-years) including 87 deaths.   Geographical Distribution- South Africa Vulnerable Groups- Young Children Non- Immune Pregnant Women Semi- Immune Pregnant Women People with HIV/AIDS International travelers from non-endemic areas Immigrants from endemic areas and their children Causes- Malaria is caused by  Plasmodium  parasites. The parasites are spread to people through the bites of infected  Anopheles  mosquitoes, called malaria vectors, which bite mainly between dusk and dawn. The intensity of transmission depends on factors related to the parasite, the vector, the human host, and the environment. Spread- The parasites that cause  malaria  are transmitted by a species of insects which are known as the female Anopheles mosquitoes. These parasites multiply within the red blood cells. Malaria spreads when the amount of this particular type of mosquito multiplies. Controls- Vector control is the primary public health intervention for reducing malaria transmission at the community level. It is the only intervention that can reduce malaria transmission from very high levels to close to zero. In high transmission areas, it can reduce child mortality rates and the prevalence of severe anemia. For individuals personal protection against mosquito bites represents the first line of defense for malaria prevention. Two forms of vector control are as follows: Insecticide treated mosquito nets Indoor spraying with residual insecticides South African Department of Health Malaria case statistics Provincial distribution of notified malaria cases, South Africa, 2000 Notified malaria cases by age group, South Africa, 2000-2002 Epidemiology of Cardio Vascular Disease in South Africa Incidence Rates- 165.3 and 101.2 per 100,000 South Africans of Indian descent and 5.3 per 100,000 among black African people. Geographical Distribution- South Africa Vulnerable Groups- Smokers, drinkers, drug addicts and drug abusers, obese and inactive individuals and individuals with high cholesterol who consume unhealthy food. Causes- Any disease that affects the normal functioning of blood vessels, arteries, veins and the heart are categorized under  cardiovascular diseases. They are also called as  heart diseases. The most common causes are smoking, alcohol and drugs, unhealthy diet and an inactive sedentary lifestyle. Control- Being active and eating the right foods will go a long way in preventing or controlling heat diseases. If you already have coronary heart disease it is never too late to adopt a healthy dietary change and a more balanced lifestyle. The only means of controlling this non communicable disease is by promoting and educating the public on transforming their unhealthy lifestyles into a healthier one. There are different approaches and strategies used in order to control the incidence of disease in a community. These approaches are surveillance, screening, immunization, education, legislation, improving social welfare and environmental controls. All these different approaches serve their purpose of being efficient tools for controlling the onset and spread of disease but they have to be used in combination with one another in order to be effective. For example, in the case of malaria epidemic in South Africa, an effective strategy to control the spread must begin with an immunization program directed at the vulnerable groups in the region. At the same time, environmental controls need to put in place in order to ensure that there is not a place left for the mosquitoes to breed freely. Thereafter disease surveillances and screenings must be carried out in order to track the patterns and identify the trends in order to develop more efficient prevention strategies. Government legisla ture too will help in this regard, if governments decide to grant more aid to local health institutions and authorities, it will be able to offer better facilities to the ill and infected and treat more patients whilst at the time, possessing more resources in order to vaccinate a broader range or people and provide them with the necessary insecticides. The personal health of the health and social care workers plays a paramount role in any community in the world. These professionals work at hospitals, nursing and personal  care  facilities, individual and family services etc and there main area of focus in on treating and caring for the ill. It is due to this reason that they need to be in a strong physical and mental state in order for these individuals to give their best to the people who are ill, as the sick need extra care and a lot of energy is required to fulfill their needs. Sick people have weak immunity systems and because these individuals work with the ill and injured on a day to day basis, it is very important that they too are very healthy so that they wont pass on any diseases to those people who can contract it very easily and make their condition worse. In order for the health professionals to be passionate about health and promoting health, they have to be in their best state of physical and mental health in ord er to make an impact. The collection of epidemiological data is very important as it helps to curb future epidemiological conditions. Epidemiology recognizes and measures the happenings of events in populations. Therefore modern epidemiology is able to become a science of prediction. It works by developing different models of the incidence of events, so when conditions occur that fit the developed models, events can be predicted and prevented. The practicing epidemiologist, therefore, attempts to describe the natural history of disease by determining why the disease originates and how it spreads in populations, therefore the practice of epidemiology is important because the concepts of epidemiology science is concerned with the circumstances under which people get sick and attempts to alter these circumstances so as to protect individuals from future illness. In addition to that, the inclusion of multiple data sources in the decision making process enables decision makers to make strong and valid decision s on matters pertaining to the countries health sector based on the findings presented in the epidemiological date. (Surveillance data along with social, demographic, geographic, behavioral, and clinical characteristics must all be included in the decision making process to paint a three dimensional picture of the epidemic). There are many priorities and approaches in the provision of health and social care services in the prevention, treatment, remedial care and palliative care for people with a disease or illness. The priorities of the health and social care professionals in this regard is to fulfill the needs of the patients while in their care and provide them with the necessary treatment required to nurse them back to good health. Disease prevention is the top priority in fighting diseases through immunization, good hygiene and following disease protocols when an epidemic suddenly emerges. The priorities in the treatment of disease are to first identify the illness and then assign the required treatment. The treatment approach will vary depending on the illness or injury but usually involves medicinal drugs and bed rest. If condition is serious, surgical procedures must be performed. However, the required treatment must be identified accurately and a top priority is to ensure the patient is comforta ble while in hospital taking treatment. The current lifestyle choices of the people will affect the future needs of Health and Social Care provision with regards to diet, exercise, substance use, work culture, relaxation etc. This is because in this day and age, many people eat unhealthy and dont exercise regularly. Also food contains lots of chemicals and artificial preservatives which is detrimental to the health. Work culture is also incredibly stressful and all these factors together can be detrimental to ones health in the long run. Therefore, in the future it will become necessary for the relevant authorities to anticipate the increase in non communicable diseases and develop new technologies and strategies in order to tackle them effectively. The responsibilities of the health and social care professionals of a region are numerous in the preservation of public health and wellbeing. Their role is imperative in any community. It is these individuals who are faced with the task of ensuring that the needs of the ill and injured are met. It is not an easy task.   Health care providers who have experience working on the front line are often placed in the unique position of educating, training, and preparing the environment for change in addition to influencing national health care policy. In addition to treating the sick, health care professionals are also faced with the task of educating the general public; training interns, work with key stakeholders on issues of advocacy, capacity development, and implementation of health policies at country level and their work to help achieve the goals of the government. It is important to promote a healthy lifestyle among a community and this could contribute positively to the prevention of many communicable and non- communicable diseases. This is due to the reason that many of the non communicable diseases prevalent today are due to lack of exercise, improper eating and abusing drugs and alcohol. These factors alone, contribute significantly to contracting chronic diseases such as heart disease, diabetes, hypertension etc. Therefore, by just making simple changes to ones lifestyle, one can avoid and prevent oneself from developing these diseases. In the case of communicable diseases, these too can be avoided by promoting healthy lifestyles because if one eats right and exercises regularly, one will develop a strong immunity that will protect against contracting various communicable diseases. Prevention is better than cure is a well heard of term. Undoubtedly, with regards to some medical conditions and diseases in our community, prevention is indeed better than cure. This is because in this day and age falling ill is very costly in countries that dont provide its citizens with free healthcare. Falling sick takes a toll on ones finances and can be very time consuming with hospitalization and repeated visits to the doctors. Also, an individual will have to be on continuous medication depending on the illness and this too will be costly and inconvenient. For example, if a person develops diabetes he will have to take insulin injections on a regular basis which will be very inconvenient. Also it may hinder ones ability of going to work and if the primary bread winner of a family falls sick, it can be very detrimental to the entire family. Also, the patient and his family will have to undergo a lot of hardship and it will effect their mental state of wellbeing. By simply eati ng right and exercising regularly, while staying away from intoxicants will enable a person to prevent from developing many chronic diseases. Also, he will feel healthier and happier and his immune system will be strong so his chances of developing communicable illnesses are also low.

An Interpretation of Emily Dickinsons Poem I Felt a Funeral, in My Bra

An Interpretation of Emily Dickinson's Poem I Felt a Funeral, in My Brain To understand any poem by Emily Dickinson is a challenge. After reading this poem a few times, I decided that the only way to comment on it was to scan all the possible meanings of certain lines and words that Dickinson chose to use. This is my own interpretation of the poem, not to be confused with a definite idea of what Dickinson was trying to convey in her writing of "I Felt a Funeral, in my Brain" (280). I decided that the best way to comprehend Dickinson's message was to pay more attention to the feelings created and senses stimulated by reading and rereading the poem itself. I came to the conclusion that the author is in deep pain over the loss of a loved one or a very prominent part of her life in the past. Emily compares her feelings to those provoked while attending a funeral. She focuses most on the senses of touch and sound. She "felt a funeral", heard the beating of drums--rather odd sensations for someone to express unless they feel pain equal to that felt at the death of someone loved and needed. Therefore, it is obvious that Dickinson is writing this poem from experience, not observation. In the first stanza, the poet begins by stating "I Felt a Funeral, in my Brain, and Mourners to and fro/ kept treading- treading- till it seemed/ That Sense was breaking through." In these opening lines, Dickinson is describing the beginning stages of a funeral procession. You have the friends, quiet and subdued, "treading" across the heart of he one who loved the deceased most-Dickinson herself. I don't think that the word "Sense" is used here in the physical tense, but sense as in mental sense, as in realizations or w... ...behind or places to run for comfort. The last line, "And Finished knowing-then-"is one I interpreted two ways. It could mean that she herself has died, and no longer must deal with the pain. Or it could represent the death of her soul. She stopped knowing anything, because reality had settled in. The shock of if all (the numbness) has evaporated, and now the author decides to give up on fighting off the pain. I saw this poem as Dickinson's attempt at describing the process of mourning over a loved one. I had inclinations to believe that she is describing her own death, but then I had too many contradicting thoughts on that interpretation. Therefore, I believe that the poet has undergone a serious loss of some sort, and is either figuratively or literally describing the process of recovering from the pain that such a loss ignites inside the survivor.

Great Expectations: A Synopsis Essay

â€Å"The worst prisons are those we create for ourselves. † To what extent do you agree? Set in the 19th Century Victorian England, many of the main characters in Great Expectations’ are imprisoned either virtually or metaphorically. Magwich is an actual prisoner of the English penal system, and is also a prisoner of his own desire to revenge Compeyson and the class system. Miss Havisham ad Pip create prisons for themselves out of their own fixations and obsessions. It could also be argued that Pip and Estella are both metaphorically imprisoned by Miss Havisham and Magwitch’s need to revenge. Although the description of Newgate is ghastly, and the effects of the prisons imposed upon Pip and Estella are difficult to overcome- the detrimental lite and psychological effects on Pip, Miss Havisham and Magwitch resultant of their self imposed prisons are the worst prisons of all, because they are so illusive and deceptive, that the characters often dont know of their existence until the damage is done. Through his exposure to Satis House and Estella’s taunting malice, Pip becomes aware of his social inferiority, and thus sprouts the first seeds of discontent with his class. Like a distant yet alluring star, Pip is tantalised by Estella’s wealth and beauty, and out of his exposure to her his all consuming obsession with becoming a gentelman emerges. Ironically, when this idea first emerged, Pip really had very little understanding of what a gentleman was. Although he cannot articulate whether he has this desire â€Å"to spite her or to gain her over,† this fervent urge dictates the direction of his life. He becomes imprisoned into a superficial and narrow be. cf that a gentleman is someone with wealth, status and learning, and will go to any lengths to achieve this aim, albeit rejecting Joe and Biddy. Pip gains his great expectations frorn Magwitch, and although he was metaphorically imprisoned by Magwitch’s exploitation of him to revenge the class system- Pip had already begun to laud the false values of gentilify. Pip could have used Magwitch’s money to become a member of the upper class, but still retain qualities of kindne ss and compassion (like Herbert. Instead, Pip becomes locked into the world of lavish expenditure, greed and corruption. Despite his unhappiness, shown clearly the Finch Club â€Å"there was a gay fiction that we were constantly enjoying ourselves, and a keleton of truth that we never did†, it takes him many years and trials to free himself from this elusive self imposed prison. Despite the guilt that he feels, he still manages to Justify his treatment of Joe because the prison he has created for himself is so difficult to break out of. Miss Havisham is the epitome of the devastating consequences of creating ones own prison. After being swindled and left at the alter, Miss Havisham is so emotionally ruined that she creates her own virtual and rnetaphorical prison. She confines herself to her mansion, which â€Å"had a great many iron confines bars to it’? and tells Pip that she had â€Å"never seen the sun since you were born. † But she also confines her and raising her purely as an instrument to â€Å"wreak havoc† in the hearts of men. Miss Havisham creates her own prison to revenge all males, and this prison envelops her existence. So consumed by hatred, Miss Havisham’s heart begins to decay, as is symbolic in her surroundings â€Å"covered in dust and mould and dropping to peices†, as well as her spider infested rotten wedding cake. Like Pip, it takes Miss Havisham many yearsand much suffering to understand that she was actually imprisoned. The urning point for her came when she realised that Estella could not lover her because â€Å"l stole her heart away and put ice in its place. Pip acknowledges that Miss Havisham’s imprisonment of Estella was a â€Å"greivous thing† but recognised that her own seclusion from the world and from the healing influcences to her mind and broken heart were infinitely worse. Conversly, Magwitch is a prisoner of the penal system. Although he committed a crime that saw him placed in a Jail, Magwitch did not create this prison because he was forced into imp risonment by the authorities, and was basically forced to commit rime in order to survive. His imprisonment was not a conscious choice, as was Pip and Miss Havisham’s, and unlike the others, Magwitch was well aware of this imprisonment. Despite his loss of freedom and years immersed in sub-human conditions, his mental imprisonment in the need to revenge Compeyson and class system, which he creates for himself, has the most damaging effect on his life. After escaping from the prison ship, Magwitch could have been free had it not been for his revenge upon Compeyson. Because of these acitons, Magwitch finds himself again imprisoned and sent for life to Australia. Again, it was his self-imposed imprisonment that caused the most damage. Magwitch spends most of his time in Australia working to convert Pip into a gentleman to revenge the class system, instead of Just forgetting his past and moving on with his life. He even goes so far as to come back to Englas to see â€Å"my gentleman†, and is consequently sentenced to death for returning. Through the stories of Pip, Miss Havisham and Magwitch, Dickens is clearly expressing that the worst prisons are those we create for ourselves, as their damage is subtle to the victim who may be unaware of their existence.

Diffusion Essays - Membrane Biology, Cell Biology, Diffusion

Diffusion Essays - Membrane Biology, Cell Biology, Diffusion Diffusion 1. a) Bulk movement is the overall movement of a fluid. The molecules all move in the same direction. Diffusion however is the random movement of molecules which usually results in a fairly even distribution. In other words the movement is not guaranteed to move in one direction but the probability that it will move in the lower gradient is greater. Osmosis is similar to diffusion but is differentiated by the membrane's behavior. The cell membrane does allow water to move from higher to lower concentrations but does not allow solutes do that. b) Water potential is the capacity of water to move to a from a region where there is high water potential to low water potential. This action happens without the affect of outside forces. When outside actions due occur and they give water a high potential energy than the water will move to the region where less potential energy is. Hydrostatic pressure is the pressure required to stop water the movement of water. This is a method of measurement. The osmotic potential is the measure of tendency of water to move through a membrane which contains a solution. This occurs when a cell does not allow a hypertonic solution to leave the cell membrane. The cell begins to increase with water but the cell membrane can not release the solution and thus the water potential within the cell increases. This causes the water to no longer enter the cell. c) Hypotonic is less solute to a certain amount of water. Hypertonic is more solute to a certain amount of water. Isotonic is the equal amount of solutes in two different solutions. d) Endocytosis is the inward bulge causes by incoming molecules. Exocytosis is the expelling of a material outside a cell. e) Phagocytosis is the process where the cell obtains solid matter. This is different from the pinocytosis where the cell obtains liquid matter. These both are endocytic processes. Receptor-mediated endocytosis is the process where there are interactions between a material and receptor sites on the cell. In this process the cell accepts the material if it matches with the receptor sites. f) Coated pits are areas which peripheral proteins indent the membrane. This is where the vesicles for certain materials are formed. The vesicle which is formed is called the coated vesicle. g) Plasmodesmata are the links which hold two adjacent cells together. Gap junctions are the channels which allow materials to flow between cells. 2. The concentration gradient is the difference in the density of a material from one region to another region. The concentration gradient affects diffusion by allowing the substance to flow from high concentration to low concentration. The concentration gradient affects osmosis by the same manner it does in diffusion. The cell does not allow the solution to exit the cell when water is entering. This keeps the solution in the cell making the concentration high and thus no further penetration of water. 4. Diffusion is more rapid in gases because they are less dense than liquids. They repel each other more resulting in faster diffusion. Diffusion is greater at higher temperatures because of the greater kinetic energy among the molecules. They push each other more making them less dense. 5. The concentration of the solute is 1%. This happens because a 1% sugar solution is isotonic with that of the 1% sugar solution in the tubes. The 2% sugar solution was increased because the substance was hypertonic. The membrane did not allow the hypertonic solution to exit because the pressure from the hypotonic solution was forcing water in. This later reached an equilibrium when the hypertonic solution was gaining water potential and the water stopped rising. The vice versa happened in the distilled water solution.

Birthday Wish Quotes That Add Joy to the Occasion

Birthday Wish Quotes That Add Joy to the Occasion Birth symbolizes a beginning. But each passing year brings with it a reduced allusion to eternity. Make a birthday wish that inspires you to live zealously. These birthday wish quotes remind you of your majestic existence. Abraham Lincoln And in the end, its not the years in your life that count. Its the life in your years. Pablo Picasso It takes a long time to grow young. Frank Sinatra May you live to be 100 and may the last voice you hear be mine. Richard Bach Fly free and happy beyond birthdays and across forever, and well meet now and then when we wish, in the midst of the one celebration that never can end. Pope Paul VI The older the fiddler, the sweeter the tune. Rabindranath Tagore Im lost in the middle of my birthday. I want my friends, their touch, with the earths last love. I will take lifes final offering; I will take the last human blessing. Charles Schulz Just remember, once youre over the hill you begin to pick up speed. Lewis Carroll There are three hundred and sixty-four days when you might get un-birthday presents, and only one for birthday presents, you know. Guy Johnson My mother asked me what I wanted for my birthday, so I said I wanted to read poetry with her. Charles Lamb New Years Day is every mans birthday. Audrey Hepburn Success is like reaching an important birthday and finding youre exactly the same. Paris Hilton The way I see it, you should live every day like its your birthday. Leo Buscaglia A life lived in love will never be dull. John Glenn There is still no cure for the common birthday. Buddha Do not dwell in the past; do not dream of the future, concentrate the mind on the present moment.